莱州湾东部沙波地貌分布特征及其形成演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李近元  范奉鑫  徐涛  栾振东  张捷扬 《海洋科学》2011,35(7):51-54

由2009年海底地形地貌调查资料,对莱州湾东部海底沙波的分布和形成进行探讨研究。结果发现：该地区发育大面积海底沙波地形,沙波主要为二维直线型沙波,陡峭度为0．001,对称指数为1．2,对称指数较好。沙波的形成和海底坡度以及水深有密切关系,在平坦海底易于形成,且与水深有一定的负相关关系。莱州湾东部沙波是10m等深线的古海...  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据定量判识沙尘暴方法的对比研究     

陶然  于曼竹 《地理信息世界》2011,9(3):51-54

利用MODIS数据,结合具体实例,对比研究当前几种利用光谱特征定量判识沙尘暴的方法。从理论上剖析各方法的原理,分析其优劣,并提出一套新的算法的组合方式。研究结果表明,新的组合算法有不小的改进：①大大降低了单一算法在不同时间或地区图像中阈值取值不稳定的影响,减少了图像噪声造成的误判,增强了其通用性和稳定性;②明显减弱了太...  相似文献   

孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组细分对比标志特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乐大发  陈清华  张福利 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(1):84-88

基于沉积学和储层地质学理论,以孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组高弯曲流河沉积为例,充分利用密井网条件下的测井资料,研究储层细分对比中的标志类型、特征、分布及其应用。首先,介绍了馆1+2砂层组的测井响应、地震反射等宏观特征;接着,利用感应电导率曲线、自然电位曲线的响应特征寻找细分对比标志;然后,将选取的标志联合使用得到孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组的顶面构造图。结果表明:研究区缺少全区性标志,但存在局部性标志;局部性标志有泥岩类、砂岩类、"钙质尖"类、砂泥组合类等4类;泥岩类标志表现出高感应电导率特点,砂岩类标志表现为低电阻率,自然电位曲线呈"箱形"或小型的"钟形","钙质尖"类标志表现为高电阻、高微电阻、低声波时差,低自然电位值的尖锋,砂泥组合类标志表现为感应曲线特征的可对比性强;泥岩类和砂岩类标志分布面积较大,呈局部连片状;"钙质尖"类和砂泥组合类标志分布面积较小,呈条带状;上述4类标志在平面上的叠合分布完全覆盖研究区。总之,充分利用好局部性标志,同样能够很好地进行类似地区的储层细分对比。  相似文献   

输沙量与输沙势的关系   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

张正偲  董治宝  赵爱国  钱广强 《中国沙漠》2011,30(4):824-827

 区域风沙活动在时间、空间和强度上的不确定性,导致对输沙量进行长期测定比较困难。所以,输沙量通常是用来研究短期的风沙活动强度,对长期的风沙活动强度,一般是利用输沙势来衡量,使用这两种指标评价区域风沙活动强度,势必会产生一定的差异。利用中国科学院风沙科学观测场积累的长期输沙量和输沙势观测资料,对区域风沙活动强度进行评价。研究结果表明,月输沙量变化在0.89~18.11 kg·m-1之间,而月输沙势变化在0.03~21.01之间,每年的4—5月是风沙活动最为强烈的时期; 输沙量随输沙势增加而增加,它们之间可以近似用线性函数来表达。  相似文献   

复杂风况条件下戈壁输沙量变化规律的研究     

张伟民  王涛  汪万福  张国彬  邱飞  詹鸿涛 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):543-549

 戈壁输沙量与输沙势的定量关系一直是风沙地貌及风沙工程的关键科学问题之一。对莫高窟顶戈壁输沙量的长期监测（2008年5月至2009年4月）结果表明,窟顶戈壁输沙势为129VU,窟顶北侧的总输沙量约905 kg·m-1左右。其中,偏东风输沙量达500 kg·m-1,偏西风输沙量达320 kg·m-1。当风速大于11 m·s-1时,戈壁风沙发生长距离的输送,偏西风可将265 kg·m-1的沙量输送到窟区,偏东风可将410 kg·m-1的沙量吹回到鸣沙山。根据本区偏东风强盛,且偏东风戈壁输沙量大于偏西风输沙量的特点,提出了以固为主,输导结合的莫高窟风沙防治的主导思路。认为在窟顶构建一个既能阻截沙物质,又能对阻截的沙物质进行输导的人工戈壁床面是完全可行的。  相似文献   

风沙流中沙粒拖曳力系数研究     

曹晞雍  谢莉 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):593-596

 拖曳力系数是计算风沙流中沙粒受空气阻力的重要参数。考虑实际风沙流中沙粒浓度及沙粒形状,利用FLUENT软件首先计算了不同风速下距地表不同高度处两沙粒的拖曳力系数,给出了影响沙粒拖曳力系数的间距范围,然后计算了真实风沙流中不同高度沙粒拖曳力系数。结果表明,给定风速下拖曳力系数随距地面高度的增加先减小后增加,并将沙粒拖曳力系数拟合成距床面高度的函数,该函数与风速有关。  相似文献   

A wind tunnel investigation on the transverse motion of aeolian sand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZhenTing Wang  QianHua Zhang  ZhiBao Dong 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(1):0013-0016

A wind tunnel experiment was performed to investigate aeolian grain motions in the transverse direction, which is perpendicular to the incoming flow and parallels the sand bed. The trajectories in the horizontal plane were recorded by high-speed camera. Statistical analysis of 630 trajectories shows that both the motion orientation and the time-averaged speed follow Gaussian distributions. An exclusive method was used to analyze the driving mechanism. It was concluded that the three-dimensional turbulent air flow, rather than the spin of grain or grain–bed collisions, controls the transverse motion.  相似文献   

Characteristics of sand damages and dynamic environment along the Tuotuohe section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway     

KeCun Zhang  QingHe Niu  JianJun Qu  ZhengYi Yao  QingJie Han 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(2):0137-0142

Sand damages along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway occur frequently and have spread rapidly since it was completely opened to traffic in 2006. The goal of this study was to understand the effects of sand damages on the railway via meteorological data and in situ observation of wind-blown sand. We selected the Tuotuohe section of this railway as a typical research object, and we systematically investigated its characteristics of sand damages, drift potential, sand-driving wind rose, and their time variation. The direction of sand-drifting wind clearly varies with the season. In winter, the predominant wind blows from the west and lasts for three months, while in summer the frequency of northeasterly wind begins to increase and multi-directional winds also occurs in July. The drift potential in this area is 705.81 VU, which makes this a high-energy wind environment according to Fryberger’s definition. The directional variability (RDP/DP) is 0.84 and the resultant drift potential is 590.42 VU with a resultant direction of 89.1°.  相似文献   

Modelling controls on aeolian dune‐field pattern evolution     

ERIN EASTWOOD  JOANNA NIELD  ANDREAS BAAS  GARY KOCUREK 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1391-1406

A second‐generation, source‐to‐sink cellular automaton‐based model presented here captures and quantifies many of the factors controlling the evolution of aeolian dune‐field patterns by varying only a small number of parameters. The role of sediment supply, sediment availability and transport capacity (together defined as sediment state) in the development and evolution of an aeolian dune‐field pattern over long time scales is quantified from model simulations. Seven dune‐field patterns can be classified from simulation results varying the sediment supply and transport capacity that control the type and frequency of dune interactions, the sediment availability of the system and, ultimately, the development of dune‐field patterns. This model allows predictions to be made about the range of sediment supply and wind strengths required to produce the dune‐field patterns seen in the real world. A new clustered dune‐field pattern is identified from model results and used to propose an alternative mechanism for the formation of superimposed dunes. Bedforms are hypothesized to cluster together, simultaneously forming two spatial scales of bedforms without first developing a large basal dune with small superimposed dunes. Manipulation of boundary conditions produces evolving dune fields with different spatial configurations of sediment supply. Trends of spacing and crest length increase with decreasing variability as the dune field matures. This simple model is a valuable tool which can be used to elucidate the dominant control of aeolian sediment state on the construction and evolution of aeolian dune‐field patterns.  相似文献   

四川盆地江油厚坝油砂有机地球化学特征与成因研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

罗茂  耿安松  廖泽文  单玄龙 《地球化学》2011,40(3):280-288

四川江油厚坝油砂产出于侏罗系沙溪庙组下段,含油砂层沿北东方向延伸约25 km.露头和岩芯油砂样抽提得到氯仿沥青“A”含量为0.4％～33％.抽提物饱和烃GC-MS分析得到的分子有机地球化学特征表明,油砂油遭受严重生物降解,饱和烃分布呈现双大鼓包,正构烷烃和异构烷烃基木被降解;三环萜烷含量丰富,孕甾烷和升孕甾烷含最也较高...  相似文献